People with extreme and excessive obesity are frequently unable to be properly treated with diet and exercise alone. Such people may undergo bariatric surgery as a procedure to assist them in losing weight. Evidence suggests that bariatric surgery, especially when combined with healthy diet and lifestyle modifications after surgery, may reduce death rates for people with severe obesity. The main goals of bariatric surgery are to reduce food intake and intestinal and stomach absorption of nutrients. The mouth is where food is chewed and combined with saliva and other secretions that contain enzymes to begin the digestion process. Once the food is in the stomach, it is broken down and combined with digestive juices to allow the body to absorb the nutrients and calories. As food enters the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, where it is combined with bile and pancreatic juice, digestion quickens. The goal of bariatric surgery is to change or halt this digestive process so that food is not absorbed and broken down as usual. Patients can lose weight and lower their risk of obesity-related health hazards or diseases by consuming less calories and nutrients.
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